Antartide – Scioglimento dei ghiacciai. Ultime news sull’innalzamento dei mari causato dallo scioglimento dei ghiacciai in Antartide.
Due enormi ghiacciai in Antartide si stanno rompendo e sciogliendo.
Le ultime notizie spesso raccontano dello scioglimento dei ghiacciai ma stavolta potrebbe essere peggio, per tutto il mondo.
Antartide – Scioglimento dei ghiacciai, lo studio rivela i rischi che corre tutto il pianeta
Un recente studio pubblicato sulla rivista scientifica statunitense Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ha rilevato che due enormi ghiacciai che si trovano nel mare di Amundsen, nella parte occidentale della Calotta glaciale antartica, si stanno progressivamente riducendo e rompendo a velocità sempre maggiore.
Secondo lo studio, i ghiacciai Pine Island e Thwaites contribuiscono già a circa il 5% dell’innalzamento globale delle acque dei mari.
Un fenomeno che negli ultimi anni è stato molto accelerato per via del riscaldamento globale.
Un’ulteriore riduzione dei ghiacci potrebbe avere effetti pericolosi.
Non solo per l’integrità stagionale del resto dei ghiaccai antartici, ma anche sulla situazione del livello delle acque nel resto del pianeta.
La riduzione della calotta glaciale in Antartide riguarda principalmente la Penisola antartica, che si protende verso il Sudamerica, e la zona dell’Antartide occidentale, dove si trovano i due ghiacciai.
In queste due aree il ghiaccio si scioglie più velocemente sia a causa della temperatura dell’aria, più alta del solito, sia perché le acque marine che vi passano sotto sono più calde di quanto dovrebbero essere.
Di norma gli strati di ghiaccio agiscono come un “tappo”, mantenendo stabili la calotta glaciale e i ghiacciai che si trovano sulla parte continentale dell’Antartide, ed evitando che scivolino verso il mare.
Questi strati di ghiaccio, però, a poco a poco si stanno sciogliendo e così la calotta si trova senza la sua barriera di protezione naturale.
Le immagini satellitari analizzate nello studio hanno evidenziato il distaccamento di grosse porzioni di ghiaccio.
Inoltre hanno mostrato che ancora più porzioni di calotta rischiano di staccarsi e collassare nel mare.
Questo significa che per via del riscaldamento globale del nei prossimi anni, il livello delle acque potrebbe innalzarsi ulteriormente e con conseguenze enormi.
Soprattutto se si pensa che anche pochi cm in più possono causare problemi nelle aree dove le coste sono basse e più esposte alle maree.
Antartide – Scioglimento ghiacciai, le parole dell’esperta
Isabella Velicogna, professoressa della University of California e glaciologa esperta dell’innalzamento dei mari, ha detto la sua al Washington Post.
L’esperta ha affermato che l’accelerazione del processo di riduzione dei due ghiacciai in Antartide «non è una buona notizia».
Lo studio ha evidenziato che il processo di riduzione dei ghiacci del Pine Island si era avviato nel 1999 e che si è velocizzato a partire dal 2016.
Gli scienziati hanno calcolato che negli ultimi quattro anni la parte centrale e quella occidentale del ghiacciaio sono diminuite.
Le dimensioni sono calate del 30%, passando da circa 3.900 metri quadrati a circa 2.600.
Per dare un’idea, è stata persa una porzione di ghiaccio grande più o meno come la città di Los Angeles.
Secondo gli esperti, però, la situazione del ghiacciaio Thwaites è ancora più critica. Come aveva già ipotizzato uno studio uscito su Science nel 2009, infatti, la riduzione dei ghiacci del Thwaites potrebbe provocare il collasso di una parte ancora più ampia della calotta glaciale antartica, che contiene abbastanza ghiaccio da poter provocare un innalzamento delle acque di oltre tre metri.
Antartide – Scioglimento dei ghiacciai, problema vecchio che dura da troppo
La notevole riduzione e la perdita di ghiaccio nell’Antartide è un fenomeno riscontrato già da alcuni anni.
Secondo i dati dell’Organizzazione meteorologica mondiale, negli ultimi cinquant’anni le temperature medie dell’Antartide sono cresciute di almeno 3°C e l’87 per cento dei ghiacciai vicini alla costa occidentale si è rimpicciolito, in particolare negli ultimi 12 anni.
Tra le altre cose, nel 2018 lo studio più autorevole uscito fino a quel momento aveva dimostrato che l’Antartide aveva già perso tremila miliardi di tonnellate di ghiaccio nel giro di 25 anni.
Inoltre, nel febbraio di quest’anno per la prima volta in Antartide si è registrata una temperatura superiore ai 20°C.
Se alla riduzione della calotta glaciale antartica si somma il fatto che anche i ghiacciai artici non se la passano bene, la situazione globale desta notevoli preoccupazioni.
Tra il 30 luglio e il 4 agosto scorsi nella parte canadese del mar glaciale Artico è collassata la Milne Ice Shelf, una piattaforma di ghiaccio grande due volte la città di Bergamo.
Mentre il 14 settembre dalla calotta di ghiaccio più intatta della Groenlandia, la Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden, si è staccata una porzione di ghiaccio grande quanto Piacenza.
In entrambi i casi, secondo gli esperti del Geological Survey di Danimarca e Groenlandia, le temperature in queste aree negli ultimi anni sono state «incredibilmente alte».
E lo sono a causa della «progressiva disintegrazione» dei ghiacciai artici.
![ghiacciai-si-rompono](https://www.ultimenotiziedalmondo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ghiacciai-si-rompono.jpg)
Fonte: Il Post
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